{"id":179,"date":"2026-10-27T14:19:33","date_gmt":"2026-10-27T05:19:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.takanoshin.com\/?p=179"},"modified":"2026-10-27T14:19:33","modified_gmt":"2026-10-27T05:19:33","slug":"past-perfect-basics","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.takanoshin.com\/?p=179","title":{"rendered":"\u904e\u53bb\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62\u3068\u306f\uff1fhad\uff0b\u904e\u53bb\u5206\u8a5e\u3068\u904e\u53bb\u5f62\u30fb\u73fe\u5728\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62\u306e\u9055\u3044"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u300c\u4f1a\u8b70\u304c\u59cb\u307e\u3063\u305f\u3068\u304d\u306b\u306f\u3001\u3082\u3046\u8cc7\u6599\u3092\u9001\u3063\u3066\u3044\u305f\u300d<\/p>\n<p>\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u51fa\u6765\u4e8b\u3092\u8a71\u3057\u306a\u304c\u3089\u3001\u300c\u305d\u306e\u6642\u3088\u308a\u524d\u306b\u6e08\u3093\u3067\u3044\u305f\u3053\u3068\u300d\u3092\u4f1d\u3048\u305f\u3044\u5834\u9762\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u3053\u3067\u5f79\u7acb\u3064\u306e\u304c\u3001\u904e\u53bb\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.takanoshin.com\/?p=177\">\u524d\u56de\u306e\u73fe\u5728\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62\u306e\u8a18\u4e8b<\/a>\u3067\u306f\u3001\u300c\u4eca\u3092\u57fa\u6e96\u306b\u3001\u904e\u53bb\u3092\u632f\u308a\u8fd4\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8003\u3048\u65b9\u3092\u7d39\u4ecb\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u4eca\u56de\u306f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u57fa\u6e96\u3092\u300c\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u3042\u308b\u6642\u70b9\u300d\u306b\u79fb\u3057\u3066\u307f\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>1\uff0e\u904e\u53bb\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62\u306f\u300c\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u3042\u308b\u6642\u70b9\u3092\u57fa\u6e96\u306b\u3001\u3055\u3089\u306b\u524d\u3092\u632f\u308a\u8fd4\u308b\u300d\u8868\u73fe<\/h2>\n<p>When the meeting started, I had already sent the file.<br \/>\u4f1a\u8b70\u304c\u59cb\u307e\u3063\u305f\u3068\u304d\u306b\u306f\u3001\u79c1\u306f\u3059\u3067\u306b\u305d\u306e\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30eb\u3092\u9001\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3053\u306e\u6587\u3067\u306f\u3001\u300c\u4f1a\u8b70\u304c\u59cb\u307e\u3063\u305f\u3068\u304d\u300d\u304c\u57fa\u6e96\u3067\u3059\u3002\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30eb\u3092\u9001\u3063\u305f\u306e\u306f\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3088\u308a\u3082\u524d\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30eb\u3092\u9001\u308b \u2192 \u4f1a\u8b70\u304c\u59cb\u307e\u308b \u2192 \u4eca<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>started\uff1a\u57fa\u6e96\u3068\u306a\u308b\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u51fa\u6765\u4e8b<\/li>\n<li>had sent\uff1a\u305d\u306e\u6642\u3088\u308a\u524d\u306b\u6e08\u3093\u3067\u3044\u305f\u3053\u3068<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u306a\u304a\u3001\u57fa\u6e96\u3068\u306a\u308b\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u6642\u70b9\u306f\u3001\u5fc5\u305a\u540c\u3058\u6587\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u66f8\u304b\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u308f\u3051\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u524d\u306e\u6587\u3084\u4f1a\u8a71\u306e\u6d41\u308c\u304b\u3089\u5206\u304b\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>2\uff0e\u57fa\u672c\u306e\u5f62\u306f had\uff0b\u904e\u53bb\u5206\u8a5e<\/h2>\n<p>\u4e3b\u8a9e\uff0bhad\uff0b\u904e\u53bb\u5206\u8a5e<\/p>\n<p>\u73fe\u5728\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62\u3067\u306f\u3001\u4e3b\u8a9e\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066 have \u3068 has \u3092\u4f7f\u3044\u5206\u3051\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u904e\u53bb\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62\u3067\u306f\u3001I\u3001you\u3001he\u3001she\u3001we\u3001they \u306e\u3069\u308c\u3067\u3082 had \u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>I had finished the report by noon.<br \/>\u79c1\u306f\u6b63\u5348\u307e\u3067\u306b\u3001\u305d\u306e\u30ec\u30dd\u30fc\u30c8\u3092\u66f8\u304d\u7d42\u3048\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u3042\u308b\u65e5\u306e\u6b63\u5348\u3092\u57fa\u6e96\u306b\u3057\u3066\u3001\u305d\u308c\u307e\u3067\u306b\u5b8c\u4e86\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3092\u8868\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002by noon \u306f\u300c\u6b63\u5348\u307e\u3067\u306b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u610f\u5473\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>had \u306e\u5f8c\u308d\u306f\u300c\u904e\u53bb\u5f62\u300d\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u300c\u904e\u53bb\u5206\u8a5e\u300d<\/h3>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u539f\u5f62<\/th>\n<th>\u904e\u53bb\u5f62<\/th>\n<th>\u904e\u53bb\u5206\u8a5e<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>finish\uff08\u7d42\u3048\u308b\uff09<\/td>\n<td>finished<\/td>\n<td>finished<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>send\uff08\u9001\u308b\uff09<\/td>\n<td>sent<\/td>\n<td>sent<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>write\uff08\u66f8\u304f\uff09<\/td>\n<td>wrote<\/td>\n<td>written<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>go\uff08\u884c\u304f\uff09<\/td>\n<td>went<\/td>\n<td>gone<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<ul>\n<li>\u907f\u3051\u305f\u3044\u5f62\uff1ahad wrote<\/li>\n<li>\u6b63\u3057\u3044\u5f62\uff1ahad written<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>3\uff0e\u904e\u53bb\u5f62\u30fb\u73fe\u5728\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62\u3068\u306e\u9055\u3044<\/h2>\n<p>\u30e1\u30fc\u30eb\u3092\u9001\u308b\u5834\u9762\u3067\u30013\u3064\u3092\u6bd4\u3079\u3066\u307f\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u904e\u53bb\u5f62\uff1a\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u51fa\u6765\u4e8b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u4f1d\u3048\u308b<\/h3>\n<p>I sent the email yesterday.<br \/>\u6628\u65e5\u3001\u305d\u306e\u30e1\u30fc\u30eb\u3092\u9001\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u300c\u6628\u65e5\u9001\u3063\u305f\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u51fa\u6765\u4e8b\u3092\u4f1d\u3048\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u904e\u53bb\u5f62\u3060\u304b\u3089\u4eca\u3068\u7121\u95a2\u4fc2\u3001\u3068\u3044\u3046\u610f\u5473\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u3053\u3053\u3067\u306f\u3001\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u3044\u3064\u8d77\u304d\u305f\u3053\u3068\u304b\u306b\u6ce8\u76ee\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u73fe\u5728\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62\uff1a\u4eca\u3092\u57fa\u6e96\u306b\u4f1d\u3048\u308b<\/h3>\n<p>I have already sent the email.<br \/>\u305d\u306e\u30e1\u30fc\u30eb\u306f\u3001\u3082\u3046\u9001\u3063\u3066\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4eca\u306e\u6642\u70b9\u3067\u300c\u9001\u4fe1\u6e08\u307f\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u4f1d\u3048\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u904e\u53bb\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62\uff1a\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u3042\u308b\u6642\u70b9\u3092\u57fa\u6e96\u306b\u4f1d\u3048\u308b<\/h3>\n<p>I had already sent the email when my manager called.<br \/>\u4e0a\u53f8\u304b\u3089\u96fb\u8a71\u304c\u6765\u305f\u3068\u304d\u306b\u306f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u30e1\u30fc\u30eb\u3092\u3059\u3067\u306b\u9001\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u300c\u96fb\u8a71\u304c\u6765\u305f\u3068\u304d\u300d\u304c\u57fa\u6e96\u3067\u3059\u3002\u305d\u306e\u6642\u70b9\u3067\u3059\u3067\u306b\u9001\u4fe1\u6e08\u307f\u3060\u3063\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3092\u8868\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6574\u7406\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u73fe\u5728\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62\u306f \u300c\u4eca\u307e\u3067\u306b\u30fb\u4eca\u307e\u3067\u305a\u3063\u3068\u300d\u3001\u904e\u53bb\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62\u306f \u300c\u305d\u306e\u6642\u307e\u3067\u306b\u30fb\u305d\u306e\u6642\u307e\u3067\u305a\u3063\u3068\u300d \u3068\u8003\u3048\u308b\u3068\u5206\u304b\u308a\u3084\u3059\u304f\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>4\uff0e\u904e\u53bb\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62\u306e\u57fa\u672c\u306e\u4f7f\u3044\u65b93\u3064<\/h2>\n<h3>\u2460 \u5b8c\u4e86\u30fb\u7d50\u679c\uff1a\u305d\u306e\u6642\u306b\u306f\u7d42\u308f\u3063\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3001\u7d50\u679c\u304c\u6b8b\u3063\u3066\u3044\u305f<\/h3>\n<p>When I arrived at the station, the train had already left.<br \/>\u99c5\u306b\u7740\u3044\u305f\u3068\u304d\u306b\u306f\u3001\u96fb\u8eca\u306f\u3059\u3067\u306b\u51fa\u767a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u300c\u99c5\u306b\u7740\u3044\u305f\u3068\u304d\u300d\u3088\u308a\u524d\u306b\u96fb\u8eca\u304c\u51fa\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3044\u3001\u305d\u306e\u6642\u306b\u306f\u3082\u3046\u3044\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3068\u3044\u3046\u72b6\u6cc1\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>I couldn&#8217;t open the door because I had lost my key.<br \/>\u9375\u3092\u306a\u304f\u3057\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3063\u3066\u3044\u305f\u306e\u3067\u3001\u30c9\u30a2\u3092\u958b\u3051\u3089\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5148\u306b\u9375\u3092\u306a\u304f\u3057\u305f\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3001\u5f8c\u306e\u300c\u958b\u3051\u3089\u308c\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u72b6\u6cc1\u306e\u80cc\u666f\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u2461 \u7d4c\u9a13\uff1a\u305d\u306e\u6642\u307e\u3067\u306b\u3001\u3057\u305f\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3042\u3063\u305f<\/h3>\n<p>Before that trip, I had never flown on a plane.<br \/>\u305d\u306e\u65c5\u884c\u306e\u524d\u306b\u306f\u3001\u98db\u884c\u6a5f\u306b\u4e57\u3063\u305f\u3053\u3068\u304c\u4e00\u5ea6\u3082\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4eca\u307e\u3067\u306e\u7d4c\u9a13\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u300c\u305d\u306e\u65c5\u884c\u3088\u308a\u524d\u307e\u3067\u300d\u306e\u7d4c\u9a13\u3092\u8a71\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u4eca\u306f\u3069\u3046\u306a\u306e\u304b\u3092\u76f4\u63a5\u8ff0\u3079\u3066\u3044\u308b\u6587\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u2462 \u7d99\u7d9a\uff1a\u305d\u306e\u6642\u307e\u3067\u3001\u72b6\u614b\u304c\u7d9a\u3044\u3066\u3044\u305f<\/h3>\n<p>When we started working together, I had known Mika for five years.<br \/>\u4e00\u7dd2\u306b\u50cd\u304d\u59cb\u3081\u305f\u3068\u304d\u3001\u30df\u30ab\u3068\u306f\u3059\u3067\u306b5\u5e74\u6765\u306e\u77e5\u308a\u5408\u3044\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u77e5\u308a\u5408\u3044\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u304b\u3089\u3001\u300c\u4e00\u7dd2\u306b\u50cd\u304d\u59cb\u3081\u305f\u3068\u304d\u300d\u307e\u30675\u5e74\u9593\u7d9a\u3044\u3066\u3044\u305f\u72b6\u614b\u3092\u8868\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u300c\u5b8c\u4e86\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u540d\u524d\u3067\u3082\u3001\u3059\u3079\u3066\u304c\u7d42\u308f\u3063\u305f\u3068\u3044\u3046\u610f\u5473\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u3053\u306e\u6587\u3082\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5f8c\u306b\u77e5\u308a\u5408\u3044\u3067\u306a\u304f\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3068\u3044\u3046\u610f\u5473\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u671f\u9593\u3092\u8868\u3059 for five years\uff085\u5e74\u9593\uff09 \u3084\u3001\u59cb\u307e\u308a\u3092\u8868\u3059 since 2020\uff082020\u5e74\u304b\u3089\uff09 \u306a\u3069\u3092\u4f7f\u3048\u307e\u3059\u3002\u73fe\u5728\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62\u3068\u306e\u9055\u3044\u306f\u3001\u671f\u9593\u3092\u6570\u3048\u308b\u57fa\u6e96\u304c\u300c\u4eca\u300d\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u300c\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u3042\u308b\u6642\u70b9\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>5\uff0e\u904e\u53bb\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62\u3092\u4f7f\u308f\u306a\u304f\u3066\u3082\u3088\u3044\u5834\u9762\u306f\uff1f<\/h2>\n<h3>\u300c\u305a\u3063\u3068\u6614\u306e\u3053\u3068\u300d\u3060\u304b\u3089\u4f7f\u3046\u308f\u3051\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044<\/h3>\n<p>I visited Kyoto ten years ago.<br \/>10\u5e74\u524d\u306b\u4eac\u90fd\u3092\u8a2a\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3053\u308c\u3060\u3051\u306a\u3089\u3001\u904e\u53bb\u5f62\u3067\u5341\u5206\u3067\u3059\u300210\u5e74\u524d\u3067\u3082100\u5e74\u524d\u3067\u3082\u3001\u300c\u6614\u306e\u51fa\u6765\u4e8b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7406\u7531\u3060\u3051\u3067\u904e\u53bb\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62\u306b\u306f\u3057\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5927\u5207\u306a\u306e\u306f\u3001\u6614\u304b\u3069\u3046\u304b\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u3042\u308b\u6642\u70b9\u304b\u3089\u632f\u308a\u8fd4\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b \u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u51fa\u6765\u4e8b\u304c2\u3064\u3042\u308c\u3070\u3001\u5fc5\u305a\u4f7f\u3046\u308f\u3051\u3067\u3082\u306a\u3044<\/h3>\n<p>I finished dinner and washed the dishes.<br \/>\u5915\u98df\u3092\u7d42\u3048\u3066\u3001\u98df\u5668\u3092\u6d17\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8d77\u304d\u305f\u9806\u306b\u4e26\u3079\u3066\u8a71\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3001\u3069\u3061\u3089\u3082\u904e\u53bb\u5f62\u3067\u81ea\u7136\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u307e\u305f\u3001before\uff08\u301c\u3059\u308b\u524d\u306b\uff09\u3084 after\uff08\u301c\u3057\u305f\u5f8c\u3067\uff09\u3067\u9806\u5e8f\u304c\u306f\u3063\u304d\u308a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u904e\u53bb\u5f62\u3060\u3051\u3067\u8868\u305b\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>After I checked the file, I sent it to my manager.<br \/>\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30eb\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u3066\u304b\u3089\u3001\u4e0a\u53f8\u306b\u9001\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>After I had checked the file, I sent it to my manager.<br \/>\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30eb\u306e\u78ba\u8a8d\u3092\u6e08\u307e\u305b\u3066\u304b\u3089\u3001\u4e0a\u53f8\u306b\u9001\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3069\u3061\u3089\u3082\u300c\u78ba\u8a8d \u2192 \u9001\u4fe1\u300d\u306e\u9806\u5e8f\u3067\u3059\u3002\u5f8c\u306e\u6587\u3067\u306f\u3001\u9001\u308b\u524d\u306b\u78ba\u8a8d\u3092\u6e08\u307e\u305b\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3092\u3001\u904e\u53bb\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62\u3067\u660e\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u300cbefore \u3084 after \u304c\u3042\u308c\u3070\u5fc5\u305a\u904e\u53bb\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62\u300d\u300c\u3042\u308c\u3070\u904e\u53bb\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62\u306f\u4f7f\u3048\u306a\u3044\u300d\u306e\u3069\u3061\u3089\u3067\u3082\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u4f55\u3092\u57fa\u6e96\u306b\u3001\u3069\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u4f1d\u3048\u305f\u3044\u304b\u3067\u8003\u3048\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>6\uff0e\u5426\u5b9a\u6587\u3068\u7591\u554f\u6587\u306e\u4f5c\u308a\u65b9<\/h2>\n<p>\u5426\u5b9a\u6587\u306f had not\uff0b\u904e\u53bb\u5206\u8a5e\u3002had not \u306f hadn&#8217;t \u3068\u77ed\u304f\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>I hadn&#8217;t checked the file when the meeting started.<br \/>\u4f1a\u8b70\u304c\u59cb\u307e\u3063\u305f\u3068\u304d\u3001\u79c1\u306f\u307e\u3060\u305d\u306e\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30eb\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7591\u554f\u6587\u3067\u306f\u3001had \u3092\u4e3b\u8a9e\u306e\u524d\u306b\u51fa\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Had you checked the file before the meeting started?<br \/>\u4f1a\u8b70\u304c\u59cb\u307e\u308b\u524d\u306b\u3001\u305d\u306e\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30eb\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u304b\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>Yes, I had.<br \/>\u306f\u3044\u3001\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>No, I hadn&#8217;t.<br \/>\u3044\u3044\u3048\u3001\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u904e\u53bb\u5f62\u306e\u7591\u554f\u6587\u3068\u6df7\u305c\u3066\u3001Did you had checked \u2026? \u3068\u306f\u3057\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u904e\u53bb\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62\u306e\u7591\u554f\u6587\u306f Had\uff0b\u4e3b\u8a9e\uff0b\u904e\u53bb\u5206\u8a5e \u2026? \u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>7\uff0e\u78ba\u8a8d\u554f\u984c\uff1a3\u554f\u3060\u3051\u7df4\u7fd2\u3057\u3088\u3046<\/h2>\n<h3>\u554f\u984c<\/h3>\n<ol start=\"1\">\n<li>\u904e\u53bb\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3088\u3046\u3001\u6b63\u3057\u3044\u5f62\u3092\u9078\u3093\u3067\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\u3002<br \/>She had\uff08wrote \/ written\uff09the report by noon.<br \/>\u5f7c\u5973\u306f\u6b63\u5348\u307e\u3067\u306b\u3001\u305d\u306e\u30ec\u30dd\u30fc\u30c8\u3092\u66f8\u304d\u7d42\u3048\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li>\u300c\u79c1\u304c\u7740\u3044\u305f\u3068\u304d\u306b\u306f\u3001\u4f1a\u8b70\u306f\u3059\u3067\u306b\u59cb\u307e\u3063\u3066\u3044\u305f\u300d\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3088\u3046\u3001start \u3092\u904e\u53bb\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62\u306b\u3057\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\u3002<br \/>When I arrived, the meeting\uff08\u3000\uff09already\uff08\u3000\uff09.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li>\u6b21\u306e\u6587\u306f\u3001\u904e\u53bb\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62\u3092\u4f7f\u3063\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u306e\u3067\u9593\u9055\u3044\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b\u3002<br \/>After I checked the file, I sent it to my manager.<br \/>\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30eb\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u3066\u304b\u3089\u3001\u4e0a\u53f8\u306b\u9001\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>\u7b54\u3048\u3068\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30c8<\/h3>\n<ol start=\"1\">\n<li>written\uff1ahad \u306e\u5f8c\u308d\u306f\u904e\u53bb\u5206\u8a5e\u3067\u3059\u3002wrote \u306f\u904e\u53bb\u5f62\u306a\u306e\u3067\u4f7f\u3044\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/li>\n<li>had \/ started\uff1a\u5230\u7740\u3057\u305f\u3068\u304d\u3088\u308a\u524d\u306b\u4f1a\u8b70\u304c\u59cb\u307e\u3063\u3066\u3044\u305f\u306e\u3067\u3001had already started \u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u9593\u9055\u3044\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002 after \u304c\u51fa\u6765\u4e8b\u306e\u9806\u5e8f\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3001\u3053\u306e\u6587\u306f\u904e\u53bb\u5f62\u3060\u3051\u3067\u3082\u81ea\u7136\u3067\u3059\u3002After I had checked \u2026 \u3068\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>\u307e\u3068\u3081\uff1a\u307e\u305a\u300c\u57fa\u6e96\u306f\u3044\u3064\uff1f\u300d\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3088\u3046<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>\u904e\u53bb\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62\u306e\u57fa\u672c\u306f had\uff0b\u904e\u53bb\u5206\u8a5e\u3002\u4e3b\u8a9e\u304c\u5909\u308f\u3063\u3066\u3082 had \u3092\u4f7f\u3046\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u3042\u308b\u6642\u70b9\u3092\u57fa\u6e96\u306b\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3088\u308a\u524d\u306e\u51fa\u6765\u4e8b\u3084\u3001\u305d\u306e\u6642\u307e\u3067\u7d9a\u304f\u72b6\u614b\u3092\u4f1d\u3048\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u73fe\u5728\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62\u306f\u300c\u4eca\u304c\u57fa\u6e96\u300d\u3001\u904e\u53bb\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62\u306f\u300c\u305d\u306e\u6642\u304c\u57fa\u6e96\u300d\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5358\u306b\u6614\u306e\u3053\u3068\u3084\u3001\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u51fa\u6765\u4e8b\u304c2\u3064\u3042\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3060\u3051\u3067\u3001\u5fc5\u305a\u4f7f\u3046\u308f\u3051\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5426\u5b9a\u6587\u306f hadn&#8217;t\uff0b\u904e\u53bb\u5206\u8a5e\u3001\u7591\u554f\u6587\u306f Had\uff0b\u4e3b\u8a9e\uff0b\u904e\u53bb\u5206\u8a5e \u2026?\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u307e\u305a\u306f\u300c\u6628\u65e5\u3001\u5bb6\u3092\u51fa\u305f\u3068\u304d\u306b\u306f\u4f55\u3092\u6e08\u307e\u305b\u3066\u3044\u305f\u304b\u300d\u3092\u4e00\u3064\u601d\u3044\u6d6e\u304b\u3079\u3066\u307f\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n<p>When I left home, I had already checked the weather.<br \/>\u5bb6\u3092\u51fa\u305f\u3068\u304d\u306b\u306f\u3001\u3059\u3067\u306b\u5929\u6c17\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u300c\u305d\u306e\u6642\u300d\u3068\u300c\u305d\u306e\u524d\u300d\u3092\u5206\u3051\u3066\u8003\u3048\u3066\u307f\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u53c2\u8003\u8cc7\u6599<\/h2>\n<p>\u6587\u6cd5\u8aac\u660e\u306e\u78ba\u8a8d\u306b\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u305f\u8cc7\u6599\u3067\u3059\u3002\u82f1\u6587\u4f8b\u3068\u7df4\u7fd2\u554f\u984c\u306f\u3001\u3053\u306e\u8a18\u4e8b\u306e\u8aac\u660e\u306b\u5408\u308f\u305b\u3066\u4f5c\u6210\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>British Council\uff1aPast perfect\uff08B1\u2013B2\uff09<br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/learnenglish.britishcouncil.org\/free-resources\/grammar\/b1-b2\/past-perfect\">https:\/\/learnenglish.britishcouncil.org\/free-resources\/grammar\/b1-b2\/past-perfect<\/a> \u2014 \u904e\u53bb\u306e\u57fa\u6e96\u6642\u70b9\u3001\u51fa\u6765\u4e8b\u306e\u9806\u5e8f\u3001\u5358\u306b\u6614\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7406\u7531\u3067\u306f\u4f7f\u308f\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3002<\/li>\n<li>British Council\uff1aPast perfect\uff08\u6587\u6cd5\u30ea\u30d5\u30a1\u30ec\u30f3\u30b9\uff09<br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/learnenglish.britishcouncil.org\/free-resources\/grammar\/english-grammar-reference\/past-perfect\">https:\/\/learnenglish.britishcouncil.org\/free-resources\/grammar\/english-grammar-reference\/past-perfect<\/a> \u2014 \u5b8c\u4e86\u30fb\u7d50\u679c\u3001\u7d4c\u9a13\u3001\u7d99\u7d9a\u3001for\uff0fsince\u3002LearnEnglish Team\u306b\u3088\u308b\u56de\u7b54\u3082\u542b\u3081\u3001\u9806\u5e8f\u304c\u660e\u767d\u306a\u5834\u5408\u306e\u904e\u53bb\u5f62\u3068\u306e\u4f75\u7528\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3002<\/li>\n<li>Cambridge Dictionary\uff1aBefore<br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.cambridge.org\/grammar\/british-grammar\/before\">https:\/\/dictionary.cambridge.org\/grammar\/british-grammar\/before<\/a> \u2014 before \u3068\u904e\u53bb\u5f62\u306e\u4f7f\u7528\u4f8b\u3002<\/li>\n<li>Oxford Learner&#8217;s Dictionaries\uff1aPast perfect simple<br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com\/grammar\/online-grammar\/past-perfect-simple\">https:\/\/www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com\/grammar\/online-grammar\/past-perfect-simple<\/a> \u2014 \u80af\u5b9a\u30fb\u5426\u5b9a\u30fb\u7591\u554f\u306e\u8a9e\u9806\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u8cc7\u6599\u78ba\u8a8d\u65e5\uff1a2026\u5e7410\u670827\u65e5<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u300c\u4f1a\u8b70\u304c\u59cb\u307e\u3063\u305f\u3068\u304d\u306b\u306f\u3001\u3082\u3046\u8cc7\u6599\u3092\u9001\u3063\u3066\u3044\u305f\u300d \u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u51fa\u6765\u4e8b\u3092\u8a71\u3057\u306a\u304c\u3089\u3001\u300c\u305d\u306e\u6642\u3088\u308a\u524d\u306b\u6e08\u3093\u3067\u3044\u305f\u3053\u3068\u300d\u3092\u4f1d\u3048\u305f\u3044\u5834\u9762\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u3053\u3067\u5f79\u7acb\u3064\u306e\u304c\u3001\u904e\u53bb\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62\u3067\u3059\u3002 \u524d\u56de\u306e\u73fe\u5728\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62\u306e\u8a18\u4e8b\u3067\u306f\u3001\u300c\u4eca\u3092\u57fa\u6e96 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-179","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-3","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.takanoshin.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/179","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.takanoshin.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.takanoshin.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.takanoshin.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.takanoshin.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=179"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.takanoshin.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/179\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":180,"href":"https:\/\/www.takanoshin.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/179\/revisions\/180"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.takanoshin.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=179"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.takanoshin.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=179"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.takanoshin.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=179"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}